Phase change energy storage products in Almaty Kazakhstan

Can phase change materials be used for thermal energy storage?

The objective of this paper is to review the recent technologies of thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCM) for various applications, particularly concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) generation systems.

What are phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage applications?

Fig. 1. Bibliometric analysis of (a) journal publications and (b) the patents, related to PCMs for thermal energy storage applications. The materials used for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) are called Phase Change Materials (PCMs) .

Are coal-fired cogeneration plants a viable option in Kazakhstan?

Further, the long cold Kazakh winters create a strong demand for heating and electricity, making coal-fired cogeneration plants a pragmatic option. All major cities, including Almaty, rely on predominantly coal-fired CHPs for district heating.

When does the fiscal year (FY) of Almaty electric stations end?

This document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with ADB's Access to Information Policy. (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Joint Stock Company Almaty Electric Stations ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars unless otherwise stated.

Does Almaty rely on coal-fired CHPs?

All major cities, including Almaty, rely on predominantly coal-fired CHPs for district heating. However, the use of coal for heat and power generation comes with severe impacts on environment and climate change, and health. Coal- fired CHPs emit high levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) and are a major source of stationary air pollutants.

Can a phase change material be used as a storage tank?

Conclusions from literature showed that if the cutoff temperature can be kept the same as the melting temperature of a PCM, such a phase change material can offer a smaller storage tank volume, which will lead to a significant reduction of material and construction cost.